Consenso Científico sobre los
Desinfectantes del Agua y sus subproductos
Atención: Sólo el nivel 1 ha sido traducido al español.
Únicamente la versión en inglés ha sido aprobada por el Comité Científico de GreenFacts.
Información sobre nuestra estructura de 3 niveles
Únicamente la versión en inglés ha sido aprobada por el Comité Científico de GreenFacts.
Información sobre nuestra estructura de 3 niveles
2. What happens to disinfectants and their by-products when ingested or inhaled?
- 2.1 Kinetics and metabolism of disinfectants
- 2.2 Kinetics and metabolism of chlorine by-products
- 2.3 Kinetics and metabolism of chlorine dioxide by-products
- 2.4 Kinetics and metabolism of ozonation by-products
2.1 Kinetics and metabolism of disinfectants
Some of the chlorine disinfectant can still be present in drinking water and react with saliva and stomach content, resulting in the formation of disinfectant by-products similar to those they produce in water. More...
2.2 Kinetics and metabolism of chlorine by-products
The way chlorine by-products are metabolised depends on several factors:
- Trihalomethanes (THMs) can be taken in by drinking the water and breathing its vapours (for example when showering). They are then metabolised and eliminated rapidly. Most THMs are metabolised into a less-toxic form, but some are transformed into more reactive substances, especially at high concentrations.
- Different haloacetic acids are eliminated differently. Dichloroacetic acid (DCA) is metabolised by forming both monochloroacetic acid and substances naturally found in human metabolism, the rate of conversion being dependent on the dose. trichloroacetic acid is partly metabolised to DCA, which then undergoes further conversion.
- Chloral hydrate undergoes several transformations in the body, leading to the formation of trichloroacetic and dichloroacetic acids (see above).
- Little is known about the elimination of haloacetonitriles.
- The most studied halogenated hydroxyfuranone derivative is called MX. Research indicates that MX is rapidly absorbed and excreted, mainly in urine but also in feces. MX itself cannot directly be measured in blood.
2.3 Kinetics and metabolism of chlorine dioxide by-products
The main by-products of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate, are probably absorbed and largely broken down to chloride in the body. More...
