 3.4
What are the possible effects of DIDP
and DINP on the environment?
DIDP
"EFFECTS ASSESSMENT
Aquatic compartment
Acute toxicity
tests have been performed with several
fish and invertebrate species. No effects
were seen at the concentrations
up to and above the solubility
limit of the substance. No long-term test
results with fish exposed via the water
phase are available, but a two-generation
feeding study has been carried out with
Oryzias latipes, in which no
impact on any populational parameter was
observed. Apart from physical effects
(e.g. entrapment), no effects were seen
in reproduction studies with Daphnia
magna. Furthermore, no impact on
the growth of algae was observed in several
species up to and beyond the solubility
limit of DIDP.
Similarly, no inhibition
of the respiration of activated
sludge was observed.
Several laboratory assays
were performed on sediment dwellers, showing
no effects up to the highest tested concentrations
(3,000 – 10,000 mg/kg dw). Furthermore,
the hatching and development of frog eggs
in contact with sediment containing DIDP
up to concentrations of
600 mg/kg dw was not affected. As it could
be concluded that DIDP does not have adverse
effects towards aquatic or benthic
organisms at the limit of water solubility
in laboratory tests, no PNECs
could be derived.
Potential for endocrine disruption
The most relevant test
result is from the multigeneration study
with Oryzias latipes. There were
no statistically significant changes in
mortality or fecundity between the treatment
groups. There was no reduced egg production.
Evaluation of F1 and F2 embryos showed
normal development. The male to female
ratios (3:1) in all groups were similar.
Phenotypic gender classification of male
and female fish was histopathologically
confirmed to be 100% correct. Ale somatic
gonadal index and liver somatic index
were not significantly different in any
group. Based on these data there does
not appear to be an impact on any populational
parameter from chronic
exposure to DIDP
on fish.
Atmosphere
Some phthalates,
especially dibutylphthalate (DBP)
have shown to be toxic
to plants via the atmosphere.
Experiments performed with DEHP
and DIDP did not reveal any effects upon
plants, but due to experimental shortcomings
they do not allow to conclude an absence
of toxicity
of DIDP to plants via the gas phase. No
PNEC
can be determined.
Terrestrial compartment
Short-term tests were
performed with plants and earthworms.
No effects were observed up to a concentration
of 10,000 mg/kg dw. An assessment factor
of 100 is applied instead of 1,000 as
no LOECs could be determined, resulting
in a PNECsoil of 100,000 µg/kg
dw.
Secondary poisoning
The lowest overall NOAEL
of 15 mg/kg bw/d has been determined in
a 13-week repeated dose study with dogs.
This corresponded to a food concentration
of 500 mg/kg. Using an assessment factor
of 10, a PNECoral
of 50 mg/kg can be estimated for top predators."
Source
& © : ECB
 "2003
Risk Assessment Report (RAR 041) on
Di-"isodecyl" Phthalate (DIDP),
Summary of the Report,
chapter 3: Environment
For more information,
see the full ECB Risk Assessment Report:
Chapter
3: Environment
DINP
"EFFECTS ASSESSMENT
Aquatic compartment
(including microorganisms
and benthic
organisms)
Acute toxicity
tests have been performed with several
fish and invertebrate species. No effects
were seen at the concentrations
up to and above the solubility
limit of the substance. Available long-term
test results with fish exposed via the
water phase were considered to be invalid.
Furthermore, a two-generation feeding
study has been carried out with Oryzias
latipes, in which no impact on any populational
parameter was observed. Apart from physical
effects (e.g. entrapment), no effects
were seen in reproduction studies with
Daphnia magna. Furthermore, no impact
on the growth of algae was observed in
several species up to and beyond the solubility
limit of DINP.
Similarly, no inhibition
of the respiration of activated
sludge was observed.
Several laboratory assays
were performed on sediment dwellers, showing
no effects up to the highest tested concentrations
(3,000 – 10,000 mg/kg dw). Furthermore,
the hatching and development of frog eggs
in contact with sediment containing DINP
up to concentrations of 1,000 mg/kg dw
was not affected. As it could be concluded
that DINP does not have adverse effects
towards aquatic or benthic
organisms at the limit of water solubility
in laboratory tests, no PNECs
could be derived.
Potential for endocrine
disruption
The most relevant test
result is from the multigeneration study
with Oryzias latipes. There were no statistically
significant changes in mortality or fecundity
between the treatment groups. There was
no reduced egg production. Evaluation
of F1 and F2 embryos showed normal development.
The male to female ratios (3:1) in all
groups were similar. Phenotypic gender
classification of male and female fish
was histopathologically confirmed to be
100% correct. Ale somatic gonadal index
and liver somatic index were not significantly
different in any group. Based on these
data there does not appear to be an impact
on any populational parameter from chronic
exposure to DINP
on fish.
Atmosphere
Some phthalates, especially
dibutylphthalate (DBP) have shown to be
toxic
to plants via the atmosphere.
No results are available with DINP. Experiments
performed with DEHP
and DIDP
did not reveal any effects upon plants,
but due to experimental shortcomings they
do not allow to conclude an absence of
toxicity
of DINP to plants via the gas phase. No
PNEC
can be determined.
Terrestrial compartment
Short-term tests were
performed with plants and earthworms.
Long-term test results are available with
plants and microorganisms.
A result regarding inhibition of germination
in a short-term test was not confirmed
in a corresponding long-term test. The
highest tested concentrations
range from 1,500 to 10,000 mg/kg dw. The
NOEC of 1,500 mg/kg will therefore be
used with an assessment factor of 50 resulting
in a PNEC
of 30,000 µg/kg dw.
Secondary poisoning
The lowest overall NOAEL
of 88 mg/kg bw/d has been determined in
a two-year repeated dose study with rats.
This corresponded to a food concentration
of 1,500 mg/kg. Using an assessment factor
of 10, a PNECoral
of 150 mg/kg can be estimated for top
predators."
Source
& © : ECB
"2003
Risk Assessment Report (RAR 046) on
Di-"isononyl" Phthalate (DINP), Summary
of the Report,
chapter 3: Environment
For more information,
see the full ECB Risk Assessment Report:
Chapter
3: Environment
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