Expert Links on Climate Change

Contributors: IPCC references come from
 IPCC WG I SPM,
other references are selected by
GreenFacts

1.1. Has the world warmed?

1.1.1. Has the earth surface temperature increased?

See IPCC Third Assessment Report of Working Group 1:

• Chapter 2.2.2 : How Much is the World Warming?
• Chapter 2.3 : Is the Recent Warming Unusual?
• Chapter 2.3.2.1 : Palaeoclimate proxy indicators.

Some other websites:

• The Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia (UK): "2001 is the second warmest year on record" (but very close to previous second):
  http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/info/
  warming/
• The US Global Change Research Information Office (GCRIO): "Greenhouse Lessons from the Geologic Record", a good article on Paleoclimatology: http://gcrio.ciesin.org/CONSEQUENCES
  /winter96/geoclimate.html

1.1.2. Has the atmosphere temperature increased?

See IPCC Third Assessment Report of Working Group 1:

• Chapter 2.2.3 : Temperature of the Upper Air
• Chapter 2.2.4 : How do Surface and Upper Air Temperature Variations Compare?
• Chapter 12.3.2 : Thermal Indicators

Some other websites:

• "Contrary Thermometers" on the Science@NASA website (July 2000):
  http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/
  y2000/ast21jul_1m.htm
• "New Evidence Helps Reconcile global warming Discrepancies" by the U.S. National Academy of Science (NAS) :
  http://www4.nationalacademies.org
  /news.nsf/isbn/0309068916?OpenDocument
• NASA's measurement of the Globally-Averaged Atmospheric Temperatures, interpreted at the Global Hydrology and Climate Center (GHCC), : http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/MSU/
  msusci.html

1.1.3. Have the snow cover and ice extent decreased?

See IPCC Third Assessment Report of Working Group 1:

• Chapter 2.2.5 : Changes in the Cryosphere
• Chapter 2.2.6 : Are the Retreat of Glaciers, Sea Ice, and Snow Cover Consistent with the Surface Temperature Trends?

1.1.4. Have sea level and ocean heat content increased?

See IPCC Third Assessment Report of Working Group 1:

• Chapter 11.3.2 : Mean Sea Level Changes over the Past 100 to 200 Years
• Chapter 2.2.2 : Temperature in the Instrumental Record for Land and Oceans
• Chapter 2.2.2.2 : Sea surface temperature and ocean air temperature
• Chapter 11.2.1 : Factors Contributing to Sea Level Change
• See also box 2 in Technical Summary

Some other websites:

• "Is sea level rising?" in NASA's Global Change Master Directory (GCMD):
  http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Resources/
  Learning/sealevel.html

1.2. What other climate changes have been observed?

See IPCC Third Assessment Report of Working Group 1:

• Chapter 2.5.2 : Changes in Precipitation and Related Variables
• Chapter 2.7.2 : Is There Evidence for Changes in Variability or Extremes?
• Chapter 2.2.2 : Temperature in the Instrumental Record for Land and Oceans
• Chapter 2.5.5 : Clouds
• Chapter 2.6.2 : El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Tropical/Extra-tropical Interaction
• Chapter 2.6.3 : Decadal to Inter-decadal Pacific Oscillation, and the North Pacific Oscillation
• Chapter 2.7.3 : Is There Evidence for Changes in Extreme Weather or Climate Events?

Some other websites:

• "What is El Niño?" in NASA's Global Change Master Directory (GCMD):
  http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Resources/
  Learning/elnino.html
• A website on the North Atlantic Oscillation by the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University :
  http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/NAO/

1.3. What aspects of our climate have NOT changed?

See IPCC Third Assessment Report of Working Group 1:

• Chapter 2.2.2 : Temperature in the Instrumental Record for Land and Oceans
• Chapter 2.2.5 : Changes in the Cryosphere
• Chapter 2.7.3 : Is There Evidence for Changes in Extreme Weather or Climate Events?

Some articles on Antarctica:

• British Antarctic Survey (BAS) "climate change position statement" :
  http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/
  Key_Topics/Climate_Change/
  Climate_Change_Position.html
• National Geographic: "Antarctica Gives Mixed Signals on Warming":
  http://news.nationalgeographic.com/
  news/2002/01/0125_020125
  antarcticaclimate.html

Contributors: IPCC references come from
 IPCC WG I SPM,
other references are selected by
GreenFacts

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