Observed sea ice September 1979 and September 2003

These two images, constructed from satellite data, compare arctic sea ice concentrations in September of 1979 and 2003. September is the month in which sea ice is at its yearly minimum and 1979 marks the first year that data of this kind became available in meaningful form. The lowest concentration of sea ice on record was in September 2002.

Source: ACIA Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment  (2004),
 Key Finding #1, p.25

Arctic Climate Change

The Earth’s Greenhouse Effect

Observed Arctic Temperature, 1900 to Present

Observed sea ice September 1979 and September 2003

Surface Reflectivity

Projected Vegetation, 2090-2100

Arctic Marine Food Web

Map subregions sub-I

Map subregions sub-II

Map subregions sub-III

Map subregions sub-IV

Arctic Thermohaline Circulation

Carbon cycle in the Arctic

Projected Arctic Surface Air Temperatures

Freshwater food web

Projected opening of northern navigation routes

Factors influencing UV at the surface

1000 years of changes in carbon emissions

People of the Arctic

Projected Surface Air Temperature change 1990-2090

Melt of the Greenland Ice Sheet

An ice primer

Spruce Bark Beetle

Spruce Budworm

Peary Caribou

The Porcupine Caribou Herd

The Gwich’in and the Porcupine Caribou Herd

A permafrost primer

Seals Become Elusive for Inuit in Nunavut

Observed Climate Change Impacts in Sachs Harbour, Canada

Indigenous knowledge and observations of current trends

Case study of interacting changes: Saami reindeer herders

Indigenous knowledge and observations of current trends

Indigenous knowledge and observations of current trends

Indigenous knowledge and observations of current trends

Footnotes