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Table 1.1. Key Dryland Ecosystem Services

Provisioning Services
Goods produced or provided
by ecosystems
Regulating Services
Benefits obtained from regulation
of ecosystem processes
Cultural Services
Nonmaterial benefits obtained
from ecosystems
  • provisions derived from biological productivity: food, fiber, forage, fuelwood, and biochemicals
  • fresh water
  • water purification and regulation
  • pollination and seed dispersal
  • climate regulation (local through vegetation cover and global through carbon sequestration)
  • recreation and tourism
  • cultural identity and diversity
  • cultural landscapes and heritage values
  • indigenous knowledge systems
  • spiritual, aesthetic, and inspirational services
Supporting Services
Services that maintain the conditions for life on Earth
  • soil development
    (conservation, formation)
  • primary production
  • nutrient cycling

Source: MA  Desertification Synthesis Report (2005), p.5