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Table 2. Summary of time series relating coarse particulate matter to mortality

Reference Location Approx.
# of
events
Measurement
of PM10-2.5
Concentrations
in g/m3
Schwartz et al.,
1996; Klemm et al., 2000
6 US cities 190 000 direct FP: 11.2-29.6
CM: 6.6-16.1
Cifuentes et al.,
2000
Santiago, Chile 186 000 direct direct FP: 58.3
CM: 46.4
Lipfert et al.,
2000
Philadelphia 135 000 direct FP: 17.3
CM: 6.8
Burnett et al.,
2000; 2003
8 Canadian cities 110 000 direct FP: 13.3
CM: 12.6
Fairley et al.,
1999; 2003
Santa Clara
County, CA
60 000 direct FP: 13
CM: 11
Anderson et al.,
2001
UK West
Midlands
49 000 direct FP: 14.5
CM: 9.0
Castillejos et al.,
2000
Mexico City 28 000 indirect FP: 27.4
CM: 17.2
Lippmann et al.,
2000; Ito, 2003
Detroit Michigan County 25 000 direct FP: 15
CM: 12
Ostro et al.,
2000; 2003
Coachella
Valley
21 000 indirect FP: 16.8
CM: 30.5
Mar et al., 2000;
2003
Phoenix 4 200 indirect FP: 13;
CM: 34

Table 2 (Continued): Summary of time series relating coarse particulate matter to mortality

Reference R fine-coarse R PM10- fine R PM10- coarse Effect estimates per 10
g/m3
Estimates from
2-pollutant model
Schwartz et al.,
1996; Klemm et al., 2000
0.23-0.69 N/A N/A FP: 1.5 (1.1-1.9)
CM: 0.4 (-0.1-1.0)
N/A
Cifuentes et al.,
2000
0.52 N/A N/A FP: 0.7 (t=6.7)
CM: 1.1 (t=4.9)
FP: 0.7 (t=4.7)
CM: 0.1 (t=0.5)
Lipfert et al.,
2000
N/A N/A N/A FP: mostly significant
CM: mostly insignificant
N/A
Burnett et al.,
2000; 2003
0.37 0.84 0.81 FP: 1.4 (t=3.14)
CM: 0.8 (t=2.04)
N/A
Fairley et al.,
1999; 2003
0.51 0.85 0.65 FP: 2.9 (0.6-5.3)
CM: 1.3 (-2.2-4.9)
FP 3.5 (0.7-6.6)
CM -2.4 (-9.0-4.8)
Anderson et al.,
2001
0.34 0.92 0.56 FP: 0.3 (-0.8-1.5)
CM: -0.5 (-3.8-2.0)
N/A
Castillejos et al.,
2000
0.52 0.89 0.84 FP: 1.5 (-0.0-3.0)
CM: 4.1 (2.5-5.7)
FP: 0.2 (-1.7-2.1)
CM: 4.0 (2.0-6.0)
Lippmann et al.,
2000; Ito, 2003
0.42 0.90 0.72 FP: 0.8 (-0.6-2.4)
CM: 1.1 (-0.9-3.3)
N/A
Ostro et al.,
2000; 2003
0.28-0.46 0.46-0.68 0.94-0.97 Total mortality:
FP: 4.4 (0.0-8.9)
CM: 0.5 (-0.5-1.0)
CVD mortality:
FP: 3.3 (-2.2-10.0)
CM: 1.0 (0.5-2.0)
N/A
Mar et al., 2000;
2003
0.59 0.77 0.97 FP: 3.5 (-0.1-9.4)
CM: 2.7 (0.5-6.0)
N/A

Source: WHO Regional Office for Europe  Health Aspects of Air Pollution - answers to follow-up questions from CAFE (2004), Question 8

Related publication:
Particulate Matter homeAir Pollution Particulate Matter
Other Figures & Tables on this publication:

Table 1. Estimated effects of air pollution on daily mortality and hospital admissions from APHEA2 and NMMAPS studies

Table 2. Summary of time series relating coarse particulate matter to mortality

Figure 1. Direct Release of Particles

Figure 2. Indirect Formation of Particles

Figure 4. Modelled deposition of particles in the human respiratory tract using the MPPD (Price et al., 2002) model

Fig. 1: Funnel plot of black smoke and "daily all cause mortality" in 47 studies.

Table 1. Summary estimates for studies of PM10 and daily mortality by GAM or non-GAM statistical model and by single-city or multicity study design.