Table 2. Summary of meta-analysis of time-series studies published during the period 1996–2001

"Note that an updated meta-analysis also involving more recent studies is being performed in spring 2003. See also the recommendations in chapter 8. Only the results of the updated meta-analysis should be used for any health impact assessment."

CAUSE	SEASON	LAG	TIMING	N° STUDIES		RANDOM EFFECTS SUMMARY COEFFICIENT‡
CAUSE	SEASON	LAG	TIMING	RR > 1	RR < 1	RANDOM EFFECTS SUMMARY COEFFICIENT‡
* number of single studies with a p<0.05 † "selected" lag = If results for more than one lag were presented the lag selected was chosen as: lag focused on by the author, most statistically significant or largest estimate. ‡ Percentage change per 10 ug/m³ increase and (95% confidence interval), preliminary results References used in the meta-analysis: ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY PAPERS (51, 125, 136, 139, 159, 189, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 281, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298,299,300,301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313,314, 315,316, 317, 318,319,320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325,326, 327, 328, 329,330, 331, 332) PANEL STUDIES (158, 255, 256, 265, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340,341, 342,343) RESPIRATORY ADMISSIONS PAPERS (157, 159, 251, 294, 296, 309, 331, 344, 345,346, 347, 348,349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359,360,361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366,367, 368, 369,370)
Mortality	ALL	0	1 hour	13 (8*)	3 (0)	0.2 (0.1-0.3)
			8 hours	9 (5*)	3 (0)	0.4 (0.2-0.5)
			24 hours	8 (5*)	3 (1*)	0.4 (0.1-0.6)
	SUMMER	select†	1 hour	17 (13*)	3 (0)	0.3 (0.2-0.4)
	SUMMER	select†	24 hours	22 (8*)	3 (0)	0.4 (0.3-0.6)
	ALL	any	1 hour	6 (5*)	1 (0)	0.4 (0.1-0.6)
			8 hours	6 (5*)	1 (0)	0.6 (0.3- 0.9)
			24 hours	2 (2*)	0	-
Hospital admissions respiratory	ALL	select	1 hour	4 (2*)	1 (0)	0.5 (0.1-1.0)
			8 hours	10 (6*)	1 (0)	0.7 (0.3-1.0)
			24 hours	6 (2*)	1 (0)	0.6 (0.2-1.0)
Asthma admissions in children	ALL	select	1 hour	3 (0)	1 (0)	0.1 (-0.4, 0.6)
Asthma admissions in children	ALL	select	8 hours	4 (2*)	3 (2*)	0.1 (-1.2, 1.3)

Source: WHO Regional Office for Europe "Health Aspects of Air Pollution" (2003) Chapter 6, Ozone (O₃) Section 6.2 Answer and rationales, Question 12

(For numbered references see pages 58-88)

Related publication:

Air Pollution Ozone

Other Figures & Tables on this publication:

Table 2. Summary of meta-analysis of time-series studies published during the period 1996–2001

Table 3: Summary of studies measuring short-term effect on lung function

Table 4: Short-term effects of ozone on lung function, biological and other responses

Fig. 1: Funnel plot of black smoke and "daily all cause mortality" in 47 studies.

Table 1. Summary estimates for studies of PM10 and daily mortality by GAM or non-GAM statistical model and by single-city or multicity study design.