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Case example 1: India

“Country liquor is a distilled alcoholic beverage made from locally available cheap raw material such as sugar- cane, rice, palm, coconut and cheap grains, with an alcohol content between 25% and 45%. Common varieties of country liquor are arrack (from paddy or wheat), desi sharab and tari. Illicit liquor is mostly produced clandestinely in small production units with raw materials similar to that used for country liquor. With no legal quality control checks on them, alcohol concentration of illicit liquor varies (up to 56%). Adulteration is quite frequent, industrial methylated spirit being a common adulterant, which occasionally causes incidents like mass poisoning with consumers losing their lives or suffering irreversible damage to the eyes. Cheaper than licensed country liquor, illicit liquor is popular among the poorer sections of the population. In many parts of India, illicit production of liquor and its marketing is a cottage industry with each village having one or two units operating illegally.

Source: Mohan et al. (2001)”

Source & © WHO  Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004, p.19

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Other Figures & Tables on this publication:

Table 4: Top 20 countries with highest beverage-specific adult per capita [APC] consumption

Table 6: Rate of last year abstainers among the adult population

Table 7: Heavy drinkers among the adult population

Table 8: Heavy episodic drinkers among the adult population

Table 9: Alcohol dependence among adult population

Table 10: Heavy episodic drinkers among youths

Table 11: Heavy episodic drinkers among young adults aged 18-24 years old

Table 13: Relative risks for beneficial alcohol-related health effects for different drinking categories (compared to abstainers)

Table 15: Attributable fractions of acute alcohol-related health effects in the adult general population

Table 16: Global burden of disease in 2000 attributable to alcohol according to major disease categories (DALYs in 000s)

Table 17: Burden of disease in 2000 attributable to tobacco, alcohol and drugs by developing status and sex

Table 18: Characteristics of adult alcohol consumption in different regions of the world 2000 (population weighted averages)

Table 19: Alcohol-related harm in different regions of the world (population weighted averages), DALYs (000s)

Table 20: Selected population alcohol-attributable fractions, by disease category, sex and level of development (% DALYs for each cause) in 2000

Table 21: Standardized mortality rates (per 100 000) for acute and chronic disease and injury, by WHO regional subgroupings (data shown is for most recent year available)

Table 21 [bis]: Social and economic costs of alcohol abuse for selected countries

Figure 3: Population weighted means of the recorded adult per capita consumption in the WHO Regions 1961-1999

Figure 4: Model of alcohol consumption, mediating variables, and short-term and longterm consequences

Figure 5: Global disease burden (in DALYs) in 2001 from alcohol use disorders, by age group and sex

Figure 6: Global deaths in 2001 from alcohol use disorders, by age group and sex

Footnote on the meaning of "adults"

Table 3: Total recorded alcohol per capita consumption (15+)

Table 5: Estimated volume of unrecorded consumption in litres of pure alcohol per capita for population older than 15 for the years after 1995

Case example 1: India

Case example 2: Venezuela

Case example 3: Malaysia

Case example 4: Uganda

Case example 5: Botswana

Case example 6: Ethiopia

Case example 7: Egypt

Case example 8: Ghana

Case example 9: Kenya

Case example 10: United Republic of Tanzania

Case example 1: Botswana

Case example 2: Nepal

Case example 3: Cameroon

Case example 4: India

Case example 5: Malaysia