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Table 1.1. Comparative table of reporting systems as defined by the Millennium Assessment

"Note that these systems often overlap. Statistics for different systems can therefore be compared, but cannot be totaled across systems as this will result in partial double-counting."

System
and
subsystem
Area (million km2) % of terrestrial surface of the globe Population GDP per capita1 Infant
Mortality Rate2
Mean NPP (KgC/m2/yr)
3
% System covered by PA's4 % Area trans-
formed5
Density (people per square km) Growth rate (% 1990-2000)
Urban Rural
1 Gross Domestic Product.
2 Infant Mortality Rate (deaths of <1yr old children per thousand live births).
3 Mean Net Primary Productivity.
4 Includes only natural or mixed classes of Protected Areas in IUCN categories I to VI.
5 Area Transformed - For all systems except forest/woodland, area transformed is calculated from land depicted as cultivated or urban areas by GLC2000 land cover data set. The area transformed for forest/woodland systems is calculated as the % change in area between potential vegetation (forest biomes of the WWF Ecoregions) and current forest/woodland areas in GLC2000. Note: 22% of the forest/woodland system falls outside forest biomes and is therefore not included in this analysis.
6 % total surface of the globe.
7 Population density, growth rate, GDP per capita and growth rate for the Inland Water system have been calculated with an area buffer of 10km
8 Excluding Antarctica
Marine 349.3 68.66 - - - - - 0.15 0.3 -
Coastal 17.9 4.5 1105 70 15.9 8960 41.5   7  
Terrestrial 6.7 4.5 1105 70 15.9 8960 41.5 0.52 4 11
Marine 11.2 2.26 - - - - - 0.14 9 -
Inland water7 10.3 7.0 817 26 17 7300 57.6 0.36 12 11
Forest/
woodlands
42.2 28.6 472 18 13.5 9580 57.7 0.68 10 42
Tropical/
subtropical
23.5 15.9 565 14 17 6854 58.3 0.95 11 34
Temperate 6.3 4.3 320 7 4.4 17109 12.5 0.45 16 67
Boreal 12.4 8.4 114 0.1 -3.7 13142 16.5 0.29 4 25
Dryland 60.9 41.3 750 20 18.5 4930 66.6 0.26 7 18
Hyperarid 9.8 6.6 1061 1 26.2 5930 41.3 0.01 11 1
Arid 15.7 10.6 568 3 28.1 4680 74.2 0.12 6 5
Semiarid 22.3 15.3 643 10 20.6 5580 72.4 0.34 6 25
Dry sub-humid 12.9 8.7 711 25 13.6 4270 60.7 0.49 7 35
Island 9.9 6.7 1020 37 12.3 11570 30.4 0.54 17 17
Island states 7.0 4.8 918 14 12.5 11148 30.6 0.45 18 21
Mountain 33.2 22.2 63 3 16.3 6470 57.9 0.42 14 12
300-1000m 15.1 10.2 58 3 12.7 7815 48.2 0.47 11 13
1000-2500m 11.9 8.1 69 3 20.0 5080 67.0 0.45 14 13
2500-4500m 3.9 2.7 90 2 24.2 4144 65.0 0.28 18 6
> 4500m 1.8 1.2 104 0 25.3 3663 39.4 0.06 22 0.3
Polar 23.0 15.6 161 0.06 -6.5 15401 12.8 0.06 428 0.38
Cultivated 35.6 24.1 786 70 14.1 6810 54.3 0.52 6 47
Pasture 0.1 0.1 419 10 28.8 15790 32.8 0.64 4 11
Cropland 8.3 5.7 1014 118 15.6 4430 55.3 0.49 4 62
Mixed (crop & other) 27.1 18.4 575 22 11.8 11060 46.5 0.6 6 43
Gobal 510 - 681 13 16.7 7309 57.4 - 4 38

Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
 Synthesis Report (2005),
Chapter 1, p.31
(Conditions and Trends Working Group Report, C.SDM Summary)

Related publication:
Ecosystem Change homeEcosystem Change
Other Figures & Tables on this publication:

Box 3.1 Table. Selected Water-related Diseases.

Table 1.1. Comparative table of reporting systems as defined by the Millennium Assessment

Table 2.1. Trends in the Human Use of Ecosystem Services and Enhancement or Degradation of the Service Around the Year 2000 - Provisioning services

Table 2.1. Trends in the Human Use of Ecosystem Services and Enhancement or Degradation of the Service Around the Year 2000 - Regulating services

Table 2.1. Trends in the Human Use of Ecosystem Services and Enhancement or Degradation of the Service Around the Year 2000 - Cultural services

Table 2.1. Trends in the Human Use of Ecosystem Services and Enhancement or Degradation of the Service Around the Year 2000 - Supporting services

Table 2.2. Indicative Ecosystem Service Trade-offs.

Table 5.1. Main Assumptions Concerning Indirect and Direct Driving Forces Used in the MA Scenarios

Table 5.2. Outcomes of Scenarios for Ecosystem Services in 2050 Compared with 2000

Table 5.3. Outcomes of Scenarios for Human Well-being in 2050 Compared with 2000

Table 5.4. Costs and Benefits of Proactive as Contrasted with Reactive Ecosystem Management as Revealed in the MA Scenarios

Table 8.1. Applicability of Decision Support Methods and Frameworks

Marine, Coastal, and Island Systems

Urban, Dryland and Polar systems

Forest systems

Cultivated systems

Inland water and Mountain systems

Box Figure B. Proportion of Population with Improved Drinking Water Supply in 2002

Box Figure C. Proportion of population with improved sanitation coverage in 2002

Figure 1.2. Conversion of Terrestrial Biomes

Figure 1.3. Decline in Trophic Level of Fisheries Catch Since 1950

Figure 1.4. Locations reported by various studies as undergoing high rates of land cover change in the past few decades.

Figure 1.5. Global Trends in the Creation of Reactive Nitrogen on Earth by Human Activity, with Projection to 2050

Figure 1.7. Growth in Number of Marine Species Introductions.

Figure 1.8. Species Extinction Rates

Figure 3.4. Collapse of Atlantic Cod Stocks Off the East Coast of Newfoundland in 1992

Figure 3.5. Dust Cloud Off the Northwest Coast of Africa, March 6, 2004

Figure 3.6. Changes in Economic Structure for Selected Countries

Figure 3.7. Human Population Growth Rates, 1990-2000, and Per Capita GDP and Biological Productivity in 2000 in MA Ecological Systems

Figure 4.1. GDP Average Annual Growth, 1990-2003

Figure 4.2. Per capita GDP Average Annual Growth, 1990-2003

Figure 4.3. Main Direct Drivers of Change in Biodiversity and Ecosystems

Figure 5.1. MA World Population Scenarios

Figure 5.3. Number of Ecosystem Services Enhanced or Degraded by 2050 in the Four MA Scenarios

Figure 6.1. MA Sub-Global Assessments

Figure 7.1. Characteristic Time and Space Scales Related to Ecosystems and Their Services

Box 3.1. Linkages between Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being

Box 6.1 Local Adaptations of MA Conceptual Framework

Scenarios of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

MA Scenarios - Global Orchestration

MA Scenarios - Order from Strength

MA Scenarios - TechnoGarden

MA Scenarios - Adapting Mosaic

Marine, Coastal and Island systems

Urban, Dryland and Polar systems

Forest and Cultivated systems

Inland waters and Mountain systems

MA Systems

Box 2.1: Ecosystem Services

Box 2.1: Ecosystem Services

Box 3.2. Ecosystems and the Millennium Development Goals

Box 3.1. Linkages between Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being: Basic Materials for a Good Life

Box 3.1. Linkages between Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being: Health

Box 3.1. Linkages between Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being: Good Social Relations

Box 3.1. Linkages between Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being: Security

Box 3.1. Linkages between Ecosystem Services and Human Well-being: Freedom of Choice and Action

Box 6.1 Local Adaptations of MA Conceptual Framework

Figure 1.1. Time Series of Intercepted Continental Runoff and Large Reservoir Storage, 1900-2000

Figure 1.6. Estimated Total Reactive Nitrogen Deposition from the Atmosphere

Figure 2.1. Estimated Global Marine Fish Catch, 1950-2001.

Figure 2.2. Trend in Mean Depth of Catch Since 1950.

Figure 3.1. Net National Savings Adjusted for Investments in Human Capital, Natural Resource Depletion, and Damage Caused by Pollution compared with Standard Net National Savings Measurements

Figure 3.2. Annual Flow of Benefits from Forests in Selected Countries

Figure 3.3. Economic Benefits Under Alternate Management Practices

Table 4.1. Increase in Nitrogen Fluxes in Rivers to Coastal Oceans

Figure 5.2. Comparison of Global River Nitrogen Export

Figure 5.4. Number of Undernourished Children Projected in 2050 Under MA Scenarios

Figure 5.5. Net Change in Components of Human Well-being Between 2000 and 2050 Under MA Scenarios.

Figure 8.1. Total Carbon Market Value per Year (in million dollars nominal)