Level 2 - Details on Arctic Climate Change

• 1. Introduction: Global climate change and the Arctic region
  • 1.1 How is the global climate changing?
  • 1.2 What makes up the Arctic region?
  • 1.3 Who is living in the Arctic region?
• 2. How is the climate changing in the Arctic?
  • 2.1 What changes have already been observed?
  • 2.2 How is the Arctic climate expected to change in the future?
  • 2.3 At what speed are those changes expected to happen?
• 3. How will Arctic warming affect the rest of the planet?
  • 3.1 How can the reflection of sunlight on snow and ice affect the climate?
  • 3.2 How can Arctic warming affect ocean currents?
  • 3.3 How could Arctic warming contribute to greenhouse gas emissions?
  • 3.4 How can climate change cause sea level rise?
  • 3.5 How will changes in the arctic affect the rest of the world?
• 4. How will the vegetation be affected by Arctic warming?
  • 4.1 How will vegetation zones shift?
  • 4.2 How will boreal forests be affected?
  • 4.3 Will there be an increase in forest fires or insect pests?
  • 4.4 Will agricultural opportunities increase in the Arctic?
• 5. How will animals be affected by Arctic warming?
  • 5.1 How will climate change affect the Arctic marine environment?
  • 5.2 What will be the impact on marine fisheries?
  • 5.3 How will climate change affect aquaculture?
  • 5.4 How will animals on land be affected?
  • 5.5 What will be the impacts on freshwater ecosystems?
• 6. How will settlements and infrastructures be affected by Arctic warming?
  • 6.1 How will coastal communities be affected?
  • 6.2 How will changes in sea ice affect marine transport?
  • 6.3 How will infrastructures be affected by the thawing ground?
• 7. How will people and their environment be affected by Arctic warming?
  • 7.1 How will indigenous people be affected?
  • 7.2 What will be the effect of higher UV-radiation?
  • 7.3 How can various factors interact to cause impacts on people and the environment?
• 8. What changes are expected in specific areas of the Arctic?
  • 8.1 Key impacts in sub-region I: From East-Greenland to Northwest Russia
  • 8.2 Key impacts in sub-region II: Siberia
  • 8.3 Key impacts in sub-region III: From Chukotka to the Western Canadian Arctic
  • 8.4 Key impacts in sub-region IV: Central and East Canadian Arctic and West Greenland
• 9. How can future assessments be improved?
• 10. Conclusion
  • 10.1 Change Presents Risks and Opportunities
  • 10.2 Potential Surprises
  • 10.3 The Bottom Line