Exposure to DIDP
or DINP
in certain workplaces
may occur by skin contact or by inhalation.
Skin may come into contact with DIDP,
or with formulations or end products containing
it, but absorption
is very low through the skin. Exposure
through inhalation is due to air-borne
particles carrying DIDP or DINP, since
these phthalates
are not present in vapour form at room
temperatures.
The United Kingdom and
Sweden are among the few countries which
have set Occupational Exposure Limits
for DIDP and DINP present in air.
In PVC
formulations, the typical amount of DIDP
or DINP
is about 20 - 40% but may be as high as
55%. In end products, the amount varies
greatly from less than 1% to more than
50%. More...
4.2
How can consumers be exposed to DIDP and
DINP?
Exposure
of consumers to DIDP
and DINP
can occur from their use as a plasticizer
in flexible PVC
end products (such as synthetic leather
and cables and wires) as well as in several
non-PVC products (such as paints and rubbers).
Consumer exposure may also occur through
food, water and beverages because of contamination
from packaging and processing equipment
containing DIDP or DINP.
DINP
is found in toys and child care articles
and DIDP
has been used in toys in the past.1
Internal
exposure to DIDP or DINP of adults,
infants and newborns were calculated by
estimating how much DIDP and DINP can
be absorbed
into the bloodstream from swallowing them
or breathing them in, taking into account
differences between children and adults.
Sources of DIDP and DINP
considered were building materials, furniture,
car and public transport interiors, gloves,
clothes and footwear, food and food-related
uses. The calculated internal exposures
were as follows:
4.
How can humans be exposed to DIDP and
DINP?
